23 lines
1.3 KiB
TeX
23 lines
1.3 KiB
TeX
\section{Tests for Nonabsolute Convergence}
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\begin{definition}
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A sequence $X:=(x_n)$ of nonzero real numbers is said to be \textbf{alternating} if the terms $(-1)^{n+1}$, $n \in \N$, are all positive (or all negative) real numbers. If the sequence $X:=(x_n)$ is alternative, we say that the series $\sum x_n$ it generates is an \textbf{alternating series}.
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\end{definition}
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\begin{theorem}[\textbf{Alternating Series Test}]
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Let $Z:=(z_n)$ be a decreasing sequence of strictly positive numbers with $\lim (z_n)=0$. Then the alternating series $\sum (-1)^{n+1} z_n$ is convergent.
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\end{theorem}
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\begin{lemma}[\textbf{Abel's Lemma}]
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Let $X:=(x_n)$ and $Y:=(y_n)$ be sequences in $\R$ and let the partial sums of $\sum y_n$ be denoted by $(s_n)$ with $s_0:=0$. If $m >n$, then
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\[\sum\limits_{k=n+1}^{m}x_ky_k=(x_ms_m-x_{n+1}s_n)+\sum\limits_{k=n+1}^{m-1}(x_k-x_{k+1})s_k\]
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\end{lemma}
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\begin{theorem}[\textbf{Dirichlet's Test}]
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If $X:=(x_n)$ is a decreasing sequence with $\lim x_n=0$, and if the partial sums $(s_n)$ of $\sum y_n$ are bounded, then the series $\sum x_ny_n$ is convergent.
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\end{theorem}
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\begin{theorem}[\textbf{Abel's Test}]
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If $X:=(x_n)$ is a convergent monotone sequence and the series $\sum y_n$ is convergent, then the series $\sum x_ny_n$ is also convergent.
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\end{theorem}
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