feat: initial built-in sandboxing support powered by Docker sbx

assets/sbx-kit/spec.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,322 @@
+# Docker sbx agent kit for Coyote
+#
+# Setup (paths use $HOME so commands work in bash/zsh/PowerShell/Git Bash):
+#   sbx create --kit ./sbx-kit/ coyote --name testing .
+#   sbx cp $HOME/.config/coyote/ testing:/home/agent/.config/
+#   sbx cp $HOME/.coyote_password testing:/home/agent/
+#   sbx run testing --kit ./sbx-kit/
+schemaVersion: "1"
+kind: agent
+name: coyote
+displayName: Coyote
+description: >
+  An all-in-one, batteries-included LLM CLI tool featuring Shell Assistant,
+  CLI & REPL mode, RAG, AI tools & agents, MCP servers, skills, and macros.
+
+agent:
+  image: "docker/sandbox-templates:shell-docker"
+  aiFilename: COYOTE.md
+#  persistence: persistent
+  entrypoint:
+    run: ["bash", "-lc", "exec /home/agent/.cargo/bin/coyote"]
+
+network:
+  # Proxy-managed LLM providers: the proxy substitutes `proxy-managed` for
+  # the env var inside the sandbox and rewrites the auth header per
+  # serviceAuth at request time. Multiple domains may map to one service
+  # (e.g. jina) so they share a single credential.
+  serviceDomains:
+    api.openai.com: openai
+    api.anthropic.com: anthropic
+    generativelanguage.googleapis.com: gemini
+    api.cohere.ai: cohere
+    api.groq.com: groq
+    openrouter.ai: openrouter
+    api.ai21.com: ai21
+    api.cloudflare.com: cloudflare
+    api.deepinfra.com: deepinfra
+    api.deepseek.com: deepseek
+    api.mistral.ai: mistral
+    api.perplexity.ai: perplexity
+    api.voyageai.com: voyageai
+    api.x.ai: xai
+    api.jina.ai: jina
+    r.jina.ai: jina
+    qianfan.baidubce.com: ernie
+    api.hunyuan.cloud.tencent.com: hunyuan
+    api.minimax.chat: minimax
+    api.moonshot.cn: moonshot
+    dashscope.aliyuncs.com: qianwen
+    open.bigmodel.cn: zhipuai
+  serviceAuth:
+    openai:
+      headerName: Authorization
+      valueFormat: "Bearer %s"
+    anthropic:
+      headerName: x-api-key
+      valueFormat: "%s"
+    gemini:
+      headerName: x-goog-api-key
+      valueFormat: "%s"
+    cohere:
+      headerName: Authorization
+      valueFormat: "Bearer %s"
+    groq:
+      headerName: Authorization
+      valueFormat: "Bearer %s"
+    openrouter:
+      headerName: Authorization
+      valueFormat: "Bearer %s"
+    ai21:
+      headerName: Authorization
+      valueFormat: "Bearer %s"
+    cloudflare:
+      headerName: Authorization
+      valueFormat: "Bearer %s"
+    deepinfra:
+      headerName: Authorization
+      valueFormat: "Bearer %s"
+    deepseek:
+      headerName: Authorization
+      valueFormat: "Bearer %s"
+    mistral:
+      headerName: Authorization
+      valueFormat: "Bearer %s"
+    perplexity:
+      headerName: Authorization
+      valueFormat: "Bearer %s"
+    voyageai:
+      headerName: Authorization
+      valueFormat: "Bearer %s"
+    xai:
+      headerName: Authorization
+      valueFormat: "Bearer %s"
+    jina:
+      headerName: Authorization
+      valueFormat: "Bearer %s"
+    ernie:
+      headerName: Authorization
+      valueFormat: "Bearer %s"
+    hunyuan:
+      headerName: Authorization
+      valueFormat: "Bearer %s"
+    minimax:
+      headerName: Authorization
+      valueFormat: "Bearer %s"
+    moonshot:
+      headerName: Authorization
+      valueFormat: "Bearer %s"
+    qianwen:
+      headerName: Authorization
+      valueFormat: "Bearer %s"
+    zhipuai:
+      headerName: Authorization
+      valueFormat: "Bearer %s"
+  allowedDomains:
+    - "github.com:443"
+    - "api.github.com:443"
+    - "raw.githubusercontent.com:443"
+    - "objects.githubusercontent.com:443"
+    - "*.githubusercontent.com:443"
+    - "crates.io:443"
+    - "static.crates.io:443"
+    - "pypi.org:443"
+    - "files.pythonhosted.org:443"
+    - "registry.npmjs.org:443"
+    - "astral.sh:443"
+    - "sh.rustup.rs:443"
+    - "static.rust-lang.org:443"
+
+    - "claude.ai:443"
+    - "console.anthropic.com:443"
+    - "accounts.google.com:443"
+    # *.googleapis.com covers oauth2 + userinfo + VertexAI regional endpoints
+    # (*-aiplatform.googleapis.com). Do not narrow without re-checking VertexAI.
+    - "*.googleapis.com:443"
+
+    # Bedrock and GitHub Models use signed / GitHub-PAT auth that the proxy
+    # cannot rewrite. Domains are allow-listed; credentials must be injected
+    # separately (see README "Extending").
+    - "*.amazonaws.com:443"
+    - "models.inference.ai.azure.com:443"
+
+    - "api.githubcopilot.com:443"
+    - "mcp.atlassian.com:443"
+    - "duckduckgo.com:443"
+    - "html.duckduckgo.com:443"
+    - "lite.duckduckgo.com:443"
+
+    - "wttr.in:443"
+    # search_arxiv.sh uses http://, so :80 is required until the tool is fixed
+    - "export.arxiv.org:443"
+    - "export.arxiv.org:80"
+    - "en.wikipedia.org:443"
+    - "api.wolframalpha.com:443"
+    - "api.twilio.com:443"
+    - "api.tavily.com:443"
+    - "doi.org:443"
+
+credentials:
+  sources:
+    openai:
+      env:
+        - OPENAI_API_KEY
+    anthropic:
+      env:
+        - ANTHROPIC_API_KEY
+    gemini:
+      env:
+        - GEMINI_API_KEY
+        - GOOGLE_API_KEY
+    cohere:
+      env:
+        - COHERE_API_KEY
+    groq:
+      env:
+        - GROQ_API_KEY
+    openrouter:
+      env:
+        - OPENROUTER_API_KEY
+    ai21:
+      env:
+        - AI21_API_KEY
+    cloudflare:
+      env:
+        - CLOUDFLARE_API_KEY
+    deepinfra:
+      env:
+        - DEEPINFRA_API_KEY
+    deepseek:
+      env:
+        - DEEPSEEK_API_KEY
+    mistral:
+      env:
+        - MISTRAL_API_KEY
+    perplexity:
+      env:
+        - PERPLEXITY_API_KEY
+    voyageai:
+      env:
+        - VOYAGE_API_KEY
+    xai:
+      env:
+        - XAI_API_KEY
+    jina:
+      env:
+        - JINA_API_KEY
+    ernie:
+      env:
+        - ERNIE_API_KEY
+    hunyuan:
+      env:
+        - HUNYUAN_API_KEY
+    minimax:
+      env:
+        - MINIMAX_API_KEY
+    moonshot:
+      env:
+        - MOONSHOT_API_KEY
+    qianwen:
+      env:
+        - DASHSCOPE_API_KEY
+    zhipuai:
+      env:
+        - ZHIPUAI_API_KEY
+
+environment:
+  variables:
+    IS_SANDBOX: "1"
+    COYOTE_LOG_LEVEL: INFO
+  proxyManaged:
+    - OPENAI_API_KEY
+    - ANTHROPIC_API_KEY
+    - GEMINI_API_KEY
+    - GOOGLE_API_KEY
+    - COHERE_API_KEY
+    - GROQ_API_KEY
+    - OPENROUTER_API_KEY
+    - AI21_API_KEY
+    - CLOUDFLARE_API_KEY
+    - DEEPINFRA_API_KEY
+    - DEEPSEEK_API_KEY
+    - MISTRAL_API_KEY
+    - PERPLEXITY_API_KEY
+    - VOYAGE_API_KEY
+    - XAI_API_KEY
+    - JINA_API_KEY
+    - ERNIE_API_KEY
+    - HUNYUAN_API_KEY
+    - MINIMAX_API_KEY
+    - MOONSHOT_API_KEY
+    - DASHSCOPE_API_KEY
+    - ZHIPUAI_API_KEY
+
+commands:
+  install:
+    - command: |
+        sudo apt-get update &&
+        sudo apt-get install -y \
+          jq curl git \
+          build-essential pkg-config \
+          cmake \
+          clang libclang-dev \
+          musl-tools \
+          libssl-dev
+      user: "1000"
+      description: Install system prerequisites
+    - command: "curl -LsSf https://astral.sh/uv/install.sh | sh"
+      user: "1000"
+      description: Install uv (required for Python-based custom tools)
+    - command: |
+        curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | \
+          sh -s -- -y \
+          --default-toolchain stable \
+          --profile minimal \
+          --target x86_64-unknown-linux-musl
+        . "$HOME/.cargo/env"
+        cargo install --locked coyote-ai
+      user: "1000"
+      description: Install Coyote AI CLI via Rust's Cargo
+
+  startup:
+    - command: ["sh", "-c", "test -f \"$HOME/.config/coyote/config.yaml\" || coyote --info >/dev/null 2>&1 || true"]
+      user: "1000"
+      background: false
+      description: Bootstrap Coyote config directory on first sandbox start
+
+memory: |
+  ## Sandbox environment
+
+  You are running inside a Docker sandbox launched via `sbx run coyote`. The
+  user's project workspace is mounted at its absolute host path and is the
+  current working directory. `sudo` is passwordless; use it for system
+  package installs.
+
+  Coyote's configuration lives at `~/.config/coyote/` and logs at
+  `~/.cache/coyote/coyote.log`. Persistence is enabled, so config, sessions,
+  vault state, OAuth tokens, and installed tools survive sandbox restarts.
+
+  LLM provider credentials are forwarded by the sandbox HTTP proxy. The
+  following provider env vars are recognized - export the ones you use on
+  the host before running `sbx run coyote`:
+
+    OPENAI_API_KEY, ANTHROPIC_API_KEY, GEMINI_API_KEY / GOOGLE_API_KEY,
+    COHERE_API_KEY, GROQ_API_KEY, OPENROUTER_API_KEY, AI21_API_KEY,
+    CLOUDFLARE_API_KEY, DEEPINFRA_API_KEY, DEEPSEEK_API_KEY,
+    MISTRAL_API_KEY, PERPLEXITY_API_KEY, VOYAGE_API_KEY, XAI_API_KEY,
+    JINA_API_KEY, ERNIE_API_KEY, HUNYUAN_API_KEY, MINIMAX_API_KEY, 
+    MOONSHOT_API_KEY, DASHSCOPE_API_KEY (Qwen), ZHIPUAI_API_KEY
+
+  Inside the sandbox these appear as the placeholder string `proxy-managed`;
+  the proxy substitutes the real value at request time. OAuth flows for
+  Claude Pro/Max and Gemini are also allow-listed.
+
+  Bedrock (AWS) and VertexAI (Google Cloud) use signed/OAuth-token requests
+  that the proxy cannot rewrite. Their domains are allow-listed but you must
+  inject credentials yourself via `sbx run --env AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=...` or
+  a mixin kit that mounts a service-account JSON.
+
+  Useful first-run commands:
+  - `coyote --info`          # show config paths and resolved settings
+  - `coyote --list-secrets`  # initialise the local vault
+  - `coyote --authenticate <client>`  # OAuth flow (Claude Pro/Max, Gemini)

src/cli/mod.rs

@@ -167,6 +167,9 @@ pub struct Cli {
     /// With --update, update even if Coyote was installed via a package manager
     #[arg(long, requires = "update")]
     pub force: bool,
+    /// Launch Coyote inside a Docker sandbox (via `sbx`); name defaults to current directory basename
+    #[arg(long, exclusive = true, value_name = "NAME")]
+    pub sandbox: Option<Option<String>>,
 }
 
 impl Cli {
@@ -495,4 +498,21 @@ mod tests {
     fn parse_force_without_update_fails() {
         assert!(Cli::try_parse_from(["coyote", "--force"]).is_err());
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn parse_sandbox_flag_no_value() {
+        let cli = parse(&["--sandbox"]);
+        assert_eq!(cli.sandbox, Some(None));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn parse_sandbox_flag_with_name() {
+        let cli = parse(&["--sandbox", "my-box"]);
+        assert_eq!(cli.sandbox, Some(Some("my-box".to_string())));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn parse_sandbox_is_exclusive() {
+        assert!(Cli::try_parse_from(["coyote", "--sandbox", "--agent", "foo"]).is_err());
+    }
 }

src/config/mod.rs

@@ -143,6 +143,8 @@ const MEMORY_DIR_NAME: &str = "memory";
 const MEMORY_INDEX_FILE_NAME: &str = "MEMORY.md";
 const WORKSPACE_MEMORY_FILE_NAME: &str = "COYOTE.md";
 const WORKSPACE_MEMORY_DIR_NAME: &str = ".coyote";
+const SBX_KIT_DIR_NAME: &str = "sbx-kit";
+const SBX_KIT_HASH_FILE: &str = "kit.sha256";
 const GIT_DIR_NAME: &str = ".git";
 const GITIGNORE_FILE_NAME: &str = ".gitignore";
 const DEFAULT_VISIBLE_TOOLS: [&str; 18] = [

src/config/paths.rs

@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@ use super::{
     AGENT_GRAPH_FILE_NAME, AGENTS_DIR_NAME, BASH_PROMPT_UTILS_FILE_NAME, CONFIG_FILE_NAME,
     ENV_FILE_NAME, FUNCTIONS_BIN_DIR_NAME, FUNCTIONS_DIR_NAME, GLOBAL_TOOLS_DIR_NAME,
     GLOBAL_TOOLS_UTILS_DIR_NAME, MACROS_DIR_NAME, MCP_FILE_NAME, MEMORY_DIR_NAME,
-    MEMORY_INDEX_FILE_NAME, ModelsOverride, RAGS_DIR_NAME, ROLES_DIR_NAME, SKILLS_DIR_NAME,
+    MEMORY_INDEX_FILE_NAME, ModelsOverride, RAGS_DIR_NAME, ROLES_DIR_NAME, SBX_KIT_DIR_NAME,
-    WORKSPACE_MEMORY_DIR_NAME,
+    SBX_KIT_HASH_FILE, SKILLS_DIR_NAME, WORKSPACE_MEMORY_DIR_NAME,
 };
 use crate::client::ProviderModels;
 use crate::utils::{get_env_name, list_file_names, normalize_env_name};
@@ -36,6 +36,10 @@ pub fn cache_path() -> PathBuf {
     base_dir.join(env!("CARGO_CRATE_NAME"))
 }
 
+pub fn sandbox_kit_override() -> Option<PathBuf> {
+    env::var_os(get_env_name("sandbox_kit")).map(PathBuf::from)
+}
+
 pub fn oauth_tokens_path() -> PathBuf {
     cache_path().join("oauth")
 }
@@ -48,6 +52,14 @@ pub fn log_path() -> PathBuf {
     cache_path().join(format!("{}.log", env!("CARGO_CRATE_NAME")))
 }
 
+pub fn sbx_kit_dir() -> PathBuf {
+    cache_path().join(SBX_KIT_DIR_NAME)
+}
+
+pub fn sbx_kit_hash_file() -> PathBuf {
+    sbx_kit_dir().join(SBX_KIT_HASH_FILE)
+}
+
 pub fn config_file() -> PathBuf {
     match env::var(get_env_name("config_file")) {
         Ok(value) => PathBuf::from(value),
@@ -365,6 +377,30 @@ mod tests {
         }
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn sandbox_kit_override_reflects_env_var_state() {
+        let env_name = get_env_name("sandbox_kit");
+        let prev = env::var_os(&env_name);
+
+        unsafe {
+            env::remove_var(&env_name);
+        }
+        assert_eq!(sandbox_kit_override(), None);
+
+        let probe = PathBuf::from("/tmp/coyote-sandbox-kit-probe");
+        unsafe {
+            env::set_var(&env_name, &probe);
+        }
+        assert_eq!(sandbox_kit_override(), Some(probe));
+
+        unsafe {
+            match prev {
+                Some(v) => env::set_var(&env_name, v),
+                None => env::remove_var(&env_name),
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn list_skills_skips_invalid_directory_names() {
         let unique = time::SystemTime::now()

src/main.rs

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ mod repl;
 mod utils;
 mod mcp;
 mod parsers;
+mod sandbox;
 mod supervisor;
 mod vault;
 
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ async fn main() -> Result<()> {
         shell.generate_completions(&mut cmd);
         return Ok(());
     }
+
     if cli.tail_logs {
         tail_logs(cli.disable_log_colors).await;
         return Ok(());
@@ -92,6 +94,10 @@ async fn main() -> Result<()> {
             .await?;
     }
 
+    if let Some(name) = &cli.sandbox {
+        return sandbox::launch(name.clone());
+    }
+
     install_builtins()?;
 
     if let Some(category) = cli.install {

src/repl/mod.rs

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ use crate::utils::{
     AbortSignal, abortable_run_with_spinner, create_abort_signal, dimmed_text, set_text, temp_file,
 };
 
+use crate::sandbox::SANDBOX_ENV_FLAG;
 use crate::{config, graph, resolve_oauth_client};
 use anyhow::{Context, Result, bail};
 use crossterm::cursor::SetCursorStyle;
@@ -278,7 +279,12 @@ Type ".help" for additional help.
 "#,
                 env!("CARGO_CRATE_NAME"),
                 env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION"),
-            )
+            );
+            if env::var_os(SANDBOX_ENV_FLAG).is_some() {
+                eprintln!(
+                    "Sandbox mode is enabled. All changes made to the Coyote config will not persist to the host machine."
+                );
+            }
         }
 
         loop {

src/sandbox/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,388 @@
+use anyhow::{Context, Result, anyhow, bail};
+use rust_embed::RustEmbed;
+use sha2::{Digest, Sha256};
+use std::env;
+use std::fs;
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
+use std::process::{Command, Stdio};
+use which::which;
+
+use crate::config::paths;
+use crate::utils::run_command_with_output;
+use crate::vault::Vault;
+
+const SBX_BINARY: &str = "sbx";
+pub(crate) const SANDBOX_ENV_FLAG: &str = "IS_SANDBOX";
+const SANDBOX_AGENT: &str = "coyote";
+
+#[derive(RustEmbed)]
+#[folder = "assets/sbx-kit/"]
+struct EmbeddedKit;
+
+pub fn launch(name: Option<String>) -> Result<()> {
+    ensure_sbx_installed()?;
+    bail_if_nested()?;
+
+    let name = resolve_name(name)?;
+    let kit_path = resolve_kit_path()?;
+
+    if sandbox_exists(&name)? {
+        info!("Re-attaching to existing sandbox '{name}'");
+    } else {
+        create_sandbox(&name, &kit_path)?;
+        copy_host_files(&name)?;
+    }
+
+    exec_run(&name, &kit_path)
+}
+
+fn ensure_sbx_installed() -> Result<()> {
+    which(SBX_BINARY).map_err(|_| {
+        anyhow!(
+            "`sbx` binary not found in PATH.\n\n\
+             Install Docker Sandboxes:\n  https://docs.docker.com/ai/sandboxes/get-started/"
+        )
+    })?;
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn bail_if_nested() -> Result<()> {
+    if env::var_os(SANDBOX_ENV_FLAG).is_some() {
+        bail!("Refusing to nest sandboxes: ${SANDBOX_ENV_FLAG} is set, already inside one");
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn resolve_name(name: Option<String>) -> Result<String> {
+    if let Some(n) = name {
+        let trimmed = n.trim();
+        if !trimmed.is_empty() {
+            let sanitized = sanitize_name(trimmed);
+            if sanitized.is_empty() {
+                bail!("Sandbox name '{trimmed}' sanitizes to an empty string");
+            }
+
+            return Ok(sanitized);
+        }
+    }
+
+    let cwd = env::current_dir().context("Failed to determine current directory")?;
+    let basename = cwd
+        .file_name()
+        .and_then(|s| s.to_str())
+        .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("Could not derive sandbox name from current directory"))?;
+    let sanitized = sanitize_name(basename);
+    if sanitized.is_empty() {
+        bail!("Could not derive a valid sandbox name from '{basename}'; pass --sandbox <NAME>");
+    }
+
+    Ok(sanitized)
+}
+
+fn sanitize_name(input: &str) -> String {
+    let mut out = String::with_capacity(input.len());
+    let mut last_was_dash = false;
+    for ch in input.chars() {
+        let lower = ch.to_ascii_lowercase();
+        if lower.is_ascii_alphanumeric() {
+            out.push(lower);
+            last_was_dash = false;
+        } else if !last_was_dash {
+            out.push('-');
+            last_was_dash = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    out.trim_matches('-').to_string()
+}
+
+fn resolve_kit_path() -> Result<PathBuf> {
+    if let Some(path) = paths::sandbox_kit_override() {
+        if !path.exists() {
+            bail!(
+                "$COYOTE_SANDBOX_KIT is set but path does not exist: {}",
+                path.display()
+            );
+        }
+
+        debug!(
+            "Using kit override from $COYOTE_SANDBOX_KIT: {}",
+            path.display()
+        );
+
+        return Ok(path);
+    }
+
+    extract_embedded_kit()
+}
+
+fn extract_embedded_kit() -> Result<PathBuf> {
+    let cache_root = paths::sbx_kit_dir();
+    let new_hash = compute_kit_hash()?;
+    let hash_file = paths::sbx_kit_hash_file();
+    if let Ok(existing) = fs::read_to_string(&hash_file)
+        && existing == new_hash
+    {
+        return Ok(cache_root);
+    }
+
+    if cache_root.exists() {
+        fs::remove_dir_all(&cache_root)
+            .with_context(|| format!("Failed to clear stale kit at {}", cache_root.display()))?;
+    }
+    fs::create_dir_all(&cache_root)
+        .with_context(|| format!("Failed to create {}", cache_root.display()))?;
+
+    for entry in EmbeddedKit::iter() {
+        let file = EmbeddedKit::get(&entry)
+            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("Embedded kit file missing during extraction: {entry}"))?;
+        let dest = cache_root.join(entry.as_ref());
+        if let Some(parent) = dest.parent() {
+            fs::create_dir_all(parent)
+                .with_context(|| format!("Failed to create {}", parent.display()))?;
+        }
+
+        fs::write(&dest, &file.data)
+            .with_context(|| format!("Failed to write {}", dest.display()))?;
+    }
+
+    fs::write(&hash_file, &new_hash)
+        .with_context(|| format!("Failed to write {}", hash_file.display()))?;
+    debug!("Extracted embedded sbx-kit to {}", cache_root.display());
+
+    Ok(cache_root)
+}
+
+fn compute_kit_hash() -> Result<String> {
+    let mut hasher = Sha256::new();
+    let mut entries: Vec<_> = EmbeddedKit::iter().collect();
+    entries.sort();
+
+    for entry in &entries {
+        let file = EmbeddedKit::get(entry)
+            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("Embedded kit file missing during hash: {entry}"))?;
+        hasher.update(entry.as_bytes());
+        hasher.update(b"\0");
+        hasher.update(&file.data);
+    }
+
+    Ok(format!("{:x}", hasher.finalize()))
+}
+
+fn sandbox_exists(name: &str) -> Result<bool> {
+    let (success, stdout, stderr) =
+        run_command_with_output(SBX_BINARY, &["ls"], None).context("Failed to run `sbx ls`")?;
+    if !success {
+        bail!("`sbx ls` failed: {stderr}");
+    }
+
+    Ok(stdout
+        .lines()
+        .skip(1)
+        .any(|line| line.split_whitespace().next() == Some(name)))
+}
+
+fn create_sandbox(name: &str, kit_path: &Path) -> Result<()> {
+    info!("Creating sandbox '{name}'");
+    let kit_str = kit_path
+        .to_str()
+        .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("Kit path is not valid UTF-8: {}", kit_path.display()))?;
+    let status = Command::new(SBX_BINARY)
+        .args([
+            "create",
+            "--kit",
+            kit_str,
+            SANDBOX_AGENT,
+            "--name",
+            name,
+            ".",
+        ])
+        .stdin(Stdio::inherit())
+        .stdout(Stdio::inherit())
+        .stderr(Stdio::inherit())
+        .status()
+        .context("Failed to spawn `sbx create`")?;
+
+    if !status.success() {
+        bail!("`sbx create` exited with {status}");
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn copy_host_files(name: &str) -> Result<()> {
+    let config_dir = paths::config_dir();
+    let home_dir = dirs::home_dir().context("Could not determine home directory")?;
+
+    if config_dir.exists() {
+        ensure_sandbox_dir(name, "/home/agent/.config")?;
+        let src = format!("{}/", config_dir.display());
+        let dest = format!("{name}:/home/agent/.config/");
+        sbx_cp(&src, &dest)?;
+    } else {
+        debug!(
+            "Skipping config copy: {} does not exist",
+            config_dir.display()
+        );
+    }
+
+    match resolve_vault_password_file() {
+        Some(password_file) if password_file.exists() => {
+            let dest_path = match password_file.strip_prefix(&home_dir) {
+                Ok(rel) => format!("/home/agent/{}", rel.display()),
+                Err(_) => password_file.display().to_string(),
+            };
+            if let Some(parent) = Path::new(&dest_path).parent()
+                && let Some(parent_str) = parent.to_str()
+                && !parent_str.is_empty()
+            {
+                ensure_sandbox_dir(name, parent_str)?;
+            }
+            let dest = format!("{name}:{dest_path}");
+            sbx_cp(&password_file.display().to_string(), &dest)?;
+        }
+        Some(password_file) => {
+            debug!(
+                "Skipping vault password copy: {} does not exist",
+                password_file.display()
+            );
+        }
+        None => {
+            debug!("Skipping vault password copy: no local vault provider configured");
+        }
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn ensure_sandbox_dir(sandbox: &str, dir: &str) -> Result<()> {
+    let dir_q = shell_words::quote(dir);
+    let cmd = format!("sudo mkdir -p {dir_q} && sudo chown agent:agent {dir_q}");
+
+    debug!("sbx exec {sandbox}: {cmd}");
+
+    let status = Command::new(SBX_BINARY)
+        .args(["exec", sandbox, "sh", "-c", &cmd])
+        .stdin(Stdio::inherit())
+        .stdout(Stdio::inherit())
+        .stderr(Stdio::inherit())
+        .status()
+        .context("Failed to spawn `sbx exec` to prepare destination directory")?;
+
+    if !status.success() {
+        bail!("Preparing sandbox directory '{dir}' failed: sbx exec exited with {status}");
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn resolve_vault_password_file() -> Option<PathBuf> {
+    Vault::init_bare().ok()?.local_password_file().ok()
+}
+
+fn sbx_cp(src: &str, dest: &str) -> Result<()> {
+    debug!("sbx cp {src} {dest}");
+    let status = Command::new(SBX_BINARY)
+        .args(["cp", src, dest])
+        .stdin(Stdio::inherit())
+        .stdout(Stdio::inherit())
+        .stderr(Stdio::inherit())
+        .status()
+        .context("Failed to spawn `sbx cp`")?;
+
+    if !status.success() {
+        bail!("`sbx cp {src} {dest}` exited with {status}");
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn exec_run(name: &str, kit_path: &Path) -> Result<()> {
+    let kit_str = kit_path
+        .to_str()
+        .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("Kit path is not valid UTF-8: {}", kit_path.display()))?;
+    let status = Command::new(SBX_BINARY)
+        .args(["run", name, "--kit", kit_str])
+        .stdin(Stdio::inherit())
+        .stdout(Stdio::inherit())
+        .stderr(Stdio::inherit())
+        .status()
+        .context("Failed to spawn `sbx run`")?;
+
+    if !status.success() {
+        bail!("`sbx run` exited with {status}");
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn sanitize_name_lowercases() {
+        assert_eq!(sanitize_name("Foo"), "foo");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn sanitize_name_replaces_non_alphanumeric() {
+        assert_eq!(sanitize_name("hello world!"), "hello-world");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn sanitize_name_collapses_dash_runs() {
+        assert_eq!(sanitize_name("a___b"), "a-b");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn sanitize_name_trims_dashes() {
+        assert_eq!(sanitize_name("---hi---"), "hi");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn sanitize_name_handles_mixed_input() {
+        assert_eq!(sanitize_name("My Project (v2)"), "my-project-v2");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn sanitize_name_all_invalid_yields_empty() {
+        assert_eq!(sanitize_name("///"), "");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn resolve_name_uses_explicit_arg() {
+        let n = resolve_name(Some("explicit-name".to_string())).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(n, "explicit-name");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn resolve_name_sanitizes_explicit_arg() {
+        let n = resolve_name(Some("My Sandbox!".to_string())).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(n, "my-sandbox");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn resolve_name_rejects_empty_after_sanitize() {
+        let err = resolve_name(Some("///".to_string()));
+        assert!(err.is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn resolve_name_falls_back_to_cwd_when_none() {
+        let n = resolve_name(None).unwrap();
+        assert!(!n.is_empty());
+        assert!(n.chars().all(|c| c.is_ascii_alphanumeric() || c == '-'));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn compute_kit_hash_is_deterministic() {
+        let h1 = compute_kit_hash().unwrap();
+        let h2 = compute_kit_hash().unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(h1, h2);
+        assert_eq!(h1.len(), 64);
+    }
+}