Created the Abstract Algebra theorems and definitions cheat sheet

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2024-01-09 11:30:56 -07:00
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\chapter{Finite Fields}
\subimport{./}{classification-of-finite-fields.tex}
\subimport{./}{structure-of-finite-fields.tex}
\subimport{./}{subfields-of-a-finite-field.tex}
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\section{Classification of Finite Fields}
\begin{theorem}[Classification of Finite Fields]
For each prime $p$ and each positive integer $n$, there is, up to isomorphism, a unique finite field of order $p^n$.
\end{theorem}
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\section{Structure of Finite Fields}
\begin{theorem}[Structure of Finite Fields]
As a group under addition, $\gf(p^n)$ is isomorphic to
\[ \underbrace{\Z_p \oplus \Z_p \oplus \dots \oplus \Z_p}_\text{$n$ factors} \]
As a group under multiplication, the set of nonzero elements of $\gf(p^n)$ is isomorphic to $\Z_{p^n-1}$ (and is, therefore, cyclic).
\end{theorem}
\begin{remark}
Because there is only one field for each prime-power $p^n$, we may unambiguously denote it by $\gf(p^n)$, in honor of Galois, and call it the \textit{Galois field of order $p^n$}.
\end{remark}
\begin{corollary}
\[ [\gf(p^n):\gf(p)]=n \]
\end{corollary}
\begin{corollary}[$\mathbf{\gf(p^n)}$ Contains an Element of Degree $\mathbf{n}$]
Let $a$ be a generator of the group of nonzero elements of $\gf(p^n)$ under multiplication. Then $a$ is algebraic over $\gf(p)$ of degree $n$.
\end{corollary}
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\section{Subfields of a Finite Field}
\begin{theorem}[Subfields of a Finite Field]
For each divisor $m$ of $n$, $\gf(p^n)$ has a unique subfield of order $p^m$. Moreover, these are the only subfields of $\gf(p^n)$.
\end{theorem}